<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.1.2//EN"
 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd" []>

<book>
<bookinfo>
<!--
<title>USB Digital Camera HOWTO</title>
-->
<title>USB デジタルカメラ HOWTO</title>
<authorgroup>
<author>
      <firstname>Dave</firstname><surname>Kelly</surname>
      <affiliation><address><email>daveekelly@earthlink.net</email></address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<othercredit role="translator" lang="ja">
	<othername>山口つかさ</othername>
	<contrib>日本語訳</contrib>
	<affiliation>
	<address><email>PDC01212@nifty.com</email></address>
	</affiliation>
</othercredit>
</authorgroup>
<!--
<pubdate>April 2002</pubdate>
-->
<pubdate>2002 年 4 月</pubdate>

<revhistory>
      <revision>
	<revnumber>2.0</revnumber>
	<!--
	<date>2002-06-02</date>
	<authorinitials>tab</authorinitials>
	<revremark>Converted to Docbook XML 4.1.2</revremark>
	-->
	<date>2002 年 6 月 2 日</date>
	<authorinitials>tab</authorinitials>
	<revremark> Docbook XML 4.1.2 形式に変換</revremark>
      </revision>
      <revision>
	<!--
	<revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
	<date>2002-04-13</date>
	<authorinitials>dek</authorinitials>
	<revremark>Initial release</revremark>
	-->
	<revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
	<date>2002 年 4 月 13 日</date>
	<authorinitials>dek</authorinitials>
	<revremark>初版公開</revremark>
      </revision>
</revhistory>

<!--Changelog

USB Digital Camera HOWTO 1.0 History:

2002/02/04 First draft;dek
2002/02/10 Final draft for proof;dek
2002/03/07 Submitted to LDP for review;dek
2002/03/19 Made changes suggested by reviewer;dek
2002/03/19 Added text to sections: 1.2, 6.0, 4.4.;dek
2002/03/19 Added appendix C.;dek
2002/04/13 Converted to HTML;dek
2002/04/15 Submited to LDP;dek

USB デジタルカメラ HOWTO 1.0 更新履歴―

2002 年 2 月  4 日 初回ドラフト ― dek
2002 年 2 月 10 日 校正用最終ドラフト ― dek
2002 年 3 月  7 日 レビュー用に LDP へ提出 ― dek
2002 年 3 月 19 日 レビューアーからの指摘を反映 ― dek
2002 年 3 月 19 日 1.2, 6.0, 4.4. の各セクションに文言を追加 ― dek
2002 年 3 月 19 日 付録 C. 追加 ― dek
2002 年 4 月 13 日 HTML に変換 ― dek
2002 年 4 月 15 日 LDP に提出 ― dek
-->

</bookinfo>

<toc></toc>

<chapter>
<!--
<title>License</title>
-->
<title>ライセンス</title>

<sect1>
<!--
<title>Copyright</title>
-->
<title>著作権</title>
<para>Copyright 2001 Dave Kelly, et al.</para>

<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in <xref linkend="gfdl"></xref>.</para>
</sect1>


<sect1>
<!--
<title>Intent</title>
-->
<title>目的</title>

<!--
<para>This HOWTO is intended for the new Linux user who 
already has a camera with Universal Serial Bus (USB) mass storage capabilities 
or wants to buy one. If you were like me, someone gave you one for your 
birthday, and you just could not take it back without hurting some feelings. So, 
you get into your Linux documentation and make it work. There is nothing we 
can't do, and there are no dumb questions, only information we don't have 
yet.</para>
-->
<para>本 HOWTO の対象は、Linux の初心者でユニバーサルシリアルバス 
(USB) マスストレージ対応のデジタルカメラを既に持っている人と
これから購入しようとしている人です。
私のように、誕生日のプレゼントに誰かからデジカメをもらったことがあれば、
くれた人の気分を害したくなかったので返してしまうことはできません。
そして Linux のマニュアルを熟読してデジカメを動かそうとします。
マニュアルにはできないことは書かれてない、つまらない質問もない、
まだ手に入れていないのは情報だけです。</para>

</sect1>

<sect1>
<!--
<title>Scope of Devices</title>
-->
<title>対象とする機器</title>

<!--
<para>This procedure works with the Linux kernel version 2.4.8, and 
I tested it with a Sony P-50 Cybershot with a 4 MB and 64 MB memory 
stick, and a USB smart card reader for an Olympus camera. I have read 
that the procedure will also work on kernel versions back to 2.2.19, 
but there are no guarantees. I know the procedure does not work on my 
old kernel version of 2.2.15.</para>
-->
<para>ここでの手順は Linux カーネルバージョン 2.4.8 で確認し、
テストに使った機器は 4MB と 64MB のメモリースティックを内蔵した
ソニー P-50 サイバーショットとオリンパス製カメラ用の USB スマートカードリーダーです。
バージョン 2.2.19 以降のカーネルであれば動作すると思いますが、
保証はありません。私のところではバージョン 2.2.15 のカーネルで動作しない
ことは確認しました。</para>

<!--
<para>The information in this document is how I solved my problems. There are other 
way to do this but it may require recompiling the kernel, which I did not want 
to do. This document should give you the necessary information to make USB mass 
storage active at boot time.</para>
-->
<para>本 HOWTO の内容は私がトラブルを解決したときの体験談です。
これ以外にも解決方法があるのでしょうが、
カーネルの再コンパイルを要するので私の好みではありません。
この HOWTO を読めば、間違いなく USB マスストレージを起動時に認識させら
れるようになります。</para>
 
<!--
<para>Also, Linux is an evolving technology, a hands on technology, and while this 
document may not give you the answers to your specific question, it should give 
you a place to start exploring for those answers. Plus the serendipity of 
discovering new thing along the way.</para>
-->
<para>また Linux は発展途上の技術でもあり、多数の人間が関わる技術でもあるので、
読者固有の疑問に対する答えがこの HOWTO に見つからなくても、
答えを探すのにどこから始めると良いか書いてあるはずです。
答え探しの過程で何か掘り出し物を見つけてください。</para>
 
<!--
<para>The following excerpt from the "gphoto2 README" might give you some insight 
to other cameras that will work with this procedure. I don't know who to give 
credit for this, as I could not find a name.)  Check the <quote>gphoto</quote> link for 
updated information: <ulink url="http://www.gphoto.org">http://www.gphoto.org</ulink></para>
-->
<para>"gphoto2 README" からの引用を以下に示します。
これを見れば上記以外のカメラをこの手順で繋ぐ方法についてヒントが
得られるかもしれません。
(誰に著作権が帰属するのか、名前を見つけられませんでした。)
 更新情報については <quote>gphoto</quote> のリンクを参照してください―
<ulink url="http://www.gphoto.org">http://www.gphoto.org</ulink></para>

<blockquote>
<!--
<para>Then, there are cameras supporting the 
so-called USB Mass Storage protocol. This is a protocol that has been published 
and lets you access any storage device, be it a camera or a disk connected via 
USB to your computer. As there are already drivers for this protocol out there, 
you don't need an additional program like gphoto2.</para>
-->
<para>次にいわゆる USB マスストレージプロトコルをサポートするカメラを示します。
USB マスストレージプロトコルは公開済みであり、
これを使えばどんな記憶デバイスでも種類を問わずアクセス可能です。
USB 経由でコンピューターに接続したカメラやディスクでも同じです。
USB マスストレージプロトコル用のドライバは既に存在するので、gphoto2 
のようなプログラムを追加する必要はありません。</para>

<!--
<para> As of now, the following cameras seem to support the USB Mass Storage protocol:</para>
-->
<para>現時点では次の機種が USB マスストレージプロトコルをサポートしているようです―</para>
<itemizedlist>
	    <listitem><para>Casio QV [2x00,3x00,8000]</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>Fuji FinePix S1 Pro, [1400,2400,4700]Zoom, 1300, 4500</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>HP PhotoSmart 315, 618, 912</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>Leica Digilux 4.3</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>Konica KD300Z</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>Kyocera Finecam s3</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>Minolta Dimage 7</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>Nikon Coolpix 995</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>Olympus C-100, C-200Z, C-700, C-860L, C-2040, C-3020Z, C-3040Z, C-4040Zoom, D-510, E-10</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>Pentax Optio 330</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>Sony DSC-F505(V), DSC P5, DSC-F707</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<!--
<para>Again, those cameras cannot be accessed through gphoto2.</para>
-->
<para>重ねて言いますが、上記のカメラは gphoto2 からはアクセスできません。</para>

<!--
<para>Other cameras support a protocol called PTP or USB Imaging Devices that has 
been developed by Kodak and other. gphoto2 does not support PTP yet, but <ulink url="http://jphoto.sourceforge.net">jPhoto</ulink> does. Here is a short list of cameras that use this protocol:</para>
-->
<para>Kodak が中心になって開発した PTP または USB 
イメージングデバイスと呼ばれるプロトコルをサポートするカメラもあります。
gphoto2 では PTP をまだサポートしていませんが、
<ulink url="http://jphoto.sourceforge.net">jPhoto</ulink> がサポートしています。
PTP プロトコルをサポートするカメラは次の機種です―</para>

<!--
<itemizedlist>
	    <listitem><para>Kodak DC-4800, DX-3215, DX-3500, DX-3600, DX-3700, DX-3900, 
MC3 and all the cameras that use Kodak Easy Share&trade; system.</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>Sony DSC-P5, DSC-F707 (both need user configuration of the camera)</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
-->
<itemizedlist>
	    <listitem><para>Kodak DC-4800, DX-3215, DX-3500, DX-3600, DX-3700, DX-3900, 
MC3 及び Kodak Easy Share&trade; システムを採用するカメラ全て</para></listitem>
	    <listitem><para>Sony DSC-P5, DSC-F707 
(2機種ともユーザーが設定する必要があります)</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<!--
<para>These cameras won't be supported until gphoto2 implements PTP.</para>
-->
<para>gphoto2 が PTP プロトコルをサポートするまで上記機種には対応しません。</para>
</blockquote>
</sect1>

<sect1>
<!--
<title>Reading Material</title>
-->
<title>参考情報</title>
<!--
<para>You are encouraged to read the following manuals and HOWTOs. The information in them is helpful.</para>
-->
<para>以下のマニュアル及び HOWTO に目を通すことをお勧めします。
役に立つ情報が掲載されています。</para>

<sect2>
<title>Man Page</title>
	<itemizedlist>
	      <listitem><para><command>lsmod</command></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><command>modprobe</command></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><command>mount</command></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><command>mv</command></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><command>su</command></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><command>fstab</command></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><command>mtab</command></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><command>dir</command></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><command>install</command></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><command>mknod</command></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><command>chown</command></para></listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
</sect2>

<sect2>
<title>HOWTO</title>
	<itemizedlist>
	      <listitem><para><citetitle>Module-HOWTO</citetitle></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><citetitle>Bash-Prog-Intro-HOWTO</citetitle></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><citetitle>SCSI-2.4-HOWTO</citetitle></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><citetitle>Hardware-HOWTO</citetitle></para></listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
    
<!--
	<para>Most distros come with all the HOWTOs. If yours did not, they are available at:<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org">http://www.tldp.org</ulink>.</para>
-->
	<para>大多数のディストリビューションが HOWTO 全体を同梱していますが、
もし同梱されていなければ <ulink url="http://www.tldp.org">http://www.tldp.org</ulink> 
で手に入れられます。</para>
</sect2>

<sect2>
<!--
<title>Websites</title>
-->
<title>ウェブサイト</title>
	<itemizedlist>
	      <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www2.one-eyed-alien.net/~mdharm/Linux-usb/">http://www2.one-eyed-alien.net/~mdharm/Linux-usb/</ulink></para></listitem>
	      <listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.Linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html">http://www.Linux-usb.org/USB-guide/book1.html</ulink></para></listitem>
	</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<!--
<title>Assumptions</title>
-->
<title>本 HOWTO の前提条件</title>
<!--
<para>My system is a Athlon 900 with a 40 gig hard drive. I have no SCSI or USB devices. My kernel was compiled without any of the SCSI or USB drivers. I compiled the SCSI and USB drivers as modules. I have version 2.4.8_26mdk of the Linux kernel with Mandrake 8.1. Since we are working on the kernel level, this document should be applicable to any distro.</para>
-->
<para>私が使っているシステムは、Athlon 900 と 40GB のハードディスクを搭載しています。
SCSI や USB 接続のデバイスは持っていなくて、カーネルは SCSI や USB 
ドライバを組み込まずにコンパイルしています。
SCSI と USB のドライバはモジュールとしてコンパイルしています。
Mandrake 8.1 のカーネル 2.4.8_26mdk を使っていますが、
カーネルレベルの作業なので、この文書の内容はディストリビューションを問わず
適用可能なはずです。
</para>

<!--
<para>I also make the following assumptions in this document:</para>
-->
<para>更にこの文書の前提条件としては次のものがあります―</para>
<itemizedlist>
<!--
	    <listitem><para>You do not have any SCSI or USB modules loaded or mounted.</para></listitem>
-->
	    <listitem><para>SCSI と USB 用のモジュールは一切ロード、マウントしていません。</para></listitem>
<!--
	    <listitem><para>You are the superuser and have the root password.</para></listitem>
-->
	    <listitem><para>読者がスーパーユーザーであり、root のパスワードを知っています。</para></listitem>
<!--
	    <listitem><para>The word camera can refer to a device of type camera, card reader, any USB mass storage device.</para></listitem>
-->
	    <listitem><para>カメラという単語は、カメラやカードリーダー及びどんな USB マスストレージデバイスにも読み替えられます。</para></listitem>
<!--
	    <listitem><para>The mount point <quote>camera</quote>, <filename>/mnt/camera</filename>, does not refer to a device in the aforementioned context. Look in the directory <filename>/mnt</filename> and you will probably see cdrom, disk, floppy, and maybe several others device names. In 
mine, you will see these plus <quote>camera</quote>. These are directories, and they are 
mount points.</para></listitem>
-->
	    <listitem><para>マウントポイントの <quote>camera</quote> 
すなわち <filename>/mnt/camera</filename> は、
上で述べたデバイスを指すものではありません。<filename>/mnt</filename> 
ディレクトリを見ると cdrom, disk, floppy 等、複数のデバイス名が存在するでしょう。
私のマシンでは、そのほかに <quote>camera</quote> があります。
<filename>/mnt</filename> ディレクトリ下にあるのはディレクトリであり、
マウントポイントです。</para></listitem>
<!--
	    <listitem><para>The symbol <quote>[bash]$</quote> means the command line prompt. Do not type 
it when you are entering a command. It is where you type the command line to 
give user input to the computer.</para></listitem>
-->
	    <listitem><para> <quote>[bash]$</quote> 
はコマンドラインプロンプトを表します。
コマンドを入力する際にこの文字まで入力しないでください。
コンピューターに入力する際にコマンドラインを入力する位置です。</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<!--
<title>Preliminary Setup</title>
-->
<title>下準備</title>

<!--
<para>At this point you need to make some 
decisions. You will need to create a directory for a mount point, and you will 
need a name for this directory. I use camera and place it in <filename>/mnt</filename>. The name of 
the directory (<filename>camera</filename> in my case) can be any word of your choice. The command 
for creating this directory is:</para>
-->
<para>ここでは決めておかなければならない項目がいくつかあります。
マウントポイント用にディレクトリを作成しますが、そのディレクトリの名前も決めます。
私の場合は camera という名前にして <filename>/mnt</filename> に作りました。
ディレクトリ名は (私の場合は <filename>camera</filename> ですが) 
どんな名前にしても構いません。ディレクトリの作成は次のコマンドで行います―</para>

<screen>
[bash]$ mkdir -m 777 /mnt/camera
</screen>

<!--
<para>I prefer for all my pictures to be in one directory with subdirectories by 
subject matter, so I also created a directory named <filename>picture</filename>, and placed it in 
my home directory. The name of the directory (<filename>picture</filename> in my case) can be any 
word of your choice.  The command for creating this directory is:</para>
-->
<para>私はディレクトリを1個作り、件名毎に
サブディレクトリを作って自分の写真を全てその中に置いておくのが好みなので、
<filename>picture</filename> というディレクトリを自分のホームディレクトリに作っています。
ディレクトリ名は (私の場合は <filename>picture</filename> ですが)
 どんな名前にしても構いません。ディレクトリの作成は次のコマンドで行います―</para>

<screen>
[bash]$ mkdir -m 777 ~/picture
</screen>

<!--
<para>See <xref linkend="part_1">, listed at the end of this document.</para>
-->
<para>本 HOWTO 末尾の <xref linkend="part_1"></xref> を参照してください。</para>

<!--
<para>The big decision! Are you going to do this as <quote>user</quote> or 
<quote>superuser/root</quote>?</para>
-->
<para>重要な分岐点です! この作業は <quote>一般ユーザー</quote> あるいは 
<quote>スーパーユーザー/root</quote> としてのどちらで行いますか ?</para>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<!--
<title>The Script Files</title>
-->
<title>スクリプトファイル</title>

<!--
<para>The following script file is the result 
of reading several of the Linux newsgroups and a lot of HOWTOs and manuals. I 
take no credit for originality but confess that this is a compilation of what 
those more experienced have told me. A very big thank you to all those in the 
newsgroups who responded to my questions and the ones posted by others who were 
seeking this information.</para>
-->
<para>次のスクリプトファイルは Linux ニュースグループ を数種類購読し、
大量の HOWTO やマニュアルを読んだ結果、作成できました。
ここにあるスクリプトは私の独自のアイデアによるものではなく、
経験豊かな人々がくれたアドバイスの集大成であります。ニュースグループ 
で私の質問やここにある情報を探す人たちが書き込んだ質問に答えてくれた
みなさんに大いに感謝します。</para>

<!--
<para>To get started, using your favorite text editor select a name for the file 
and, type in the following script for a user or superuser.</para>
-->
<para>まず手始めに、好みのエディターを使ってファイルに名前をつけて、一般ユーザー、
あるいはスーパーユーザーとして次のスクリプトを入力してください。</para>

<sect1>
<!--
<title>If You Login as User</title>
-->
<title>一般ユーザーとしてログインしている場合</title>

<!--
<para>Type in the following script file.</para>
-->
<para>スクリプトファイルに次の通りに入力してください―</para>

<screen>
echo "Please enter a directory name for the pictures."
read DIRPATH
mkdir ~/picture/$DIRPATH
su -c "/sbin/modprobe usb-storage; mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera;
/etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start;
mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg ~/picture/$DIRPATH;
umount /mnt/camera;
chown -R your_login_name ~/picture/$DIRPATH"
</screen>
</sect1>

<sect1>
<!--
<title>If You Login as Superuser</title>
-->
<title>スーパーユーザーとしてログインしている場合</title>

<!--
<para>If you are not creating this script for use as superuser, go to <xref linkend="executable">.</para>
-->
<para>スーパーユーザーとして使うためにこのスクリプトを作っているのでなければ 
<xref linkend="executable"></xref> に進んでください。</para>

<!--
<para>Type in the following script file.</para>
-->
<para>スクリプトファイルに次の通りに入力してください―</para>

<screen>
echo "Please enter a directory name for the pictures."
read DIRPATH
mkdir picture/$DIRPATH
/sbin/modprobe usb-storage
mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera
/etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start
mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH;
umount /mnt/camera
chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH
</screen>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="executable">
<!--
<title>Make it Executable</title>
-->
<title>スクリプトを実行可能にする</title>

<!--
<para>Now make the script file executable. The command for that is:</para>
-->
<para>続いてスクリプトファイルの属性を実行可能なものに変えるのに
次のコマンドを使います―</para>
<!--
<para>As user:</para>
-->
<para>一般ユーザーの場合―</para>
<screen>
[bash]$ su -c "chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name"
</screen>

<!--
<para>As superuser:</para>
-->
<para>スーパーユーザーの場合―</para>
<screen>
[bash#] chmod a=r+w+x your_script_file_name
</screen>
</sect1>

<sect1>
<!--
<title>What is Happening while the script is running</title>
-->
<title>スクリプトの実行中に行われる処理</title>

<!--
<para>When you run the script, it will create a subject matter directory. <varname>DIRPATH</varname> should describe the pictures and is entered at the prompt. If <filename>your_script_file_name</filename> = <filename>getcamJ</filename>,(J for getting the pictures with .jpg extensions) the command sequence would 
look like this:</para>
-->
<para>スクリプトを実行すると、件名ごとのディレクトリを作成します。
<varname>DIRPATH</varname> には、必ず格納する写真に合わせた名前をコマンドラインから入力します。
<filename>your_script_file_name</filename> = <filename>getcamJ</filename> 
であれば (J は .jpg という拡張子を持った写真を取得するという意味です)、
コマンド入力の流れは次のようになります―</para>

<screen>
[bash]$ getcamJ
Please enter a directory name for the pictures.
(写真を格納するディレクトリの名前を入力してください)
bash]$ something
Password: 
[bash]$ your root password
</screen>

<!--
<para>If you run this script file in superuser mode the rest of this paragraph does 
not apply. You have to be superuser to run this. Consequently, the 'su' command. 
The <parameter class=option>-c</parameter> flag will let you execute one command and return to your present working directory. The quotation marks allow you to enter more that one command. 
And the semicolon allows one command to execute right after the last.</para>
-->
<para>このスクリプトをスーパーユーザー権限で実行する人は、
この段落の残りを読む必要はありません。このスクリプトを実行するには、
スーパーユーザーになる必要があります。つまり 'su' コマンドを使います。
<parameter class="option">-c</parameter> フラッグを使うと1個のコマンドを実行し、
結果を現在の実行ディレクトリに返します。引用符 (quotation) 
を使うとコマンドの後に入力項目を追加できますし、
セミコロンを使うと複数のコマンドを実行できます。</para>

<!--
<para><filename>/sbin/modprobe usb-storage</filename>:  <command>modprobe</command> will install the USB mass storage module along with any other modules or drivers needed. Mainly the SCSI driver. 
Make sure that you have in your /dev directory the following entries. <systemitem class="resource">sda0, 
sda1, sda2, sda3, sda4, sdb0, sdb1, sdb2, sdb3, sdb4</systemitem>. Set <systemitem class="resource">sda1</systemitem> to the appropriate device if you have other SCSI devices mounted, probably <systemitem class="resource">sdb1</systemitem>.</para>
-->
<para><filename>/sbin/modprobe usb-storage</filename>―
<command>modprobe</command> コマンドは 
USB マスストレージモジュールを必要な他のモジュールやドライバと一緒にロードします。
主に SCSI ドライバです。/dev ディレクトリ下に次のエントリがあるか確認してください―
 <systemitem class="resource">sda0, sda1, sda2, sda3, sda4, sdb0, sdb1, 
sdb2, sdb3, sdb4</systemitem> 。他にマウントされた SCSI デバイスがあるならば、
<systemitem class="resource">sda1</systemitem> を適切なデバイス、おそらく 
<systemitem class="resource">sdb1</systemitem> にセットしてください。</para>

<!--
<para>Mount your SCSI driver: <userinput>mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera</userinput></para>
-->
<para>SCSI ドライバをマウント― <userinput>mount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/camera</userinput></para>

<!--
<para>Start your USB: <userinput>/etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start</userinput></para>
-->
<para>USB を起動― <userinput>/etc/rc.d/init.d/usb start</userinput></para>

<!--
<para>Move your pictures from your camera to your hard drive.  <command>mv</command> will also remove your pictures from your camera: <userinput>mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH;</userinput></para>
-->
<para>写真をカメラからハードディスクに転送してください。<command>mv</command> 
を使えば同時にカメラから写真を削除できます―
<userinput>mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH;</userinput></para>

<!--
<para>Unmount your SCSI driver: <userinput>umount /mnt/camera</userinput></para>
-->
<para>SCSI ドライバをアンマウントしてください― <userinput>umount /mnt/camera</userinput></para>

<!--
<para>Then: <userinput>chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH</userinput>.  When you do something as 
superuser (su) or root, root owns those files/pictures. Some of the things you 
may want to do to these files/pictures may give you a <errorname>permission denied</errorname> error. 
This allows the user to work without those errors. Read the manual for more information.</para>
-->
<para>次に <userinput>chown -R your_login_name picture/$DIRPATH</userinput> 
を実行します。スーパーユーザー (su) あるいは root として実行した結果、
ファイルと写真の所有者は root になりますから、
このままではファイルと写真に対して何らかの操作をしようとしても、
 <errorname>permission denied</errorname> (権限外)エラーになってしまいます。
このコマンドを入力することで <errorname>permission denied</errorname> 
エラーを回避できるので、詳しい内容についてはマニュアルを参照してください。</para>

<!--
<para>My system is set up with no USB or SCSI compiled into the kernel. All this 
was compiled as modules. This script file assumes your system is the same. If 
not, you will have to make some modifications. Please read the manuals and 
HOWTOs. Or ask on one of the Linux newsgroups.</para>
-->
<para>私のシステムではコンパイル時に USB とSCSI をカーネルに組み込まず、
全てモジュールとしてコンパイルしました。ここで使ったスクリプトは、
読者のシステムも同じ設定であるという前提です。もし同じ設定でなければ変更の
必要なものもあります。マニュアルと HOWTO を読むか、Linux の ニュースグループ 
で質問してください。</para>

</sect1>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<!--
<title>Exploring and Fine Tuning</title>
-->
<title>試行と微調整</title>

<!--
<para>OK, you should be set up and 
ready to do some exploring. Go take some trash pictures with your camera in all 
the different formats. Mine will take in 4 formats, TIFF, GIF, JPEG, and MPEG, 
and it also provides a thumbnail of each picture. In my Sony P-50 these will be 
stored on the memory media in 4 different sub-folders, 100msdcf, imcif100, thm, 
and moml0001. These are in 2 folders, dcim, and mssony. You need to find how 
your camera names the directories. You can do this in the following 
manner:</para>
-->
<para>さて、ここまででセットアップが完了し、試行の準備ができたはずです。
読者のカメラで利用可能な形式を全部試し撮りした写真を撮りに出かけましょう。
私のカメラでは4種類の形式、 TIFF, GIF, JPEG, MPEG が撮影可能で、
おまけにそれぞれの写真のサムネイルも使えます。
私のソニー P-50 では撮った写真がメモリーメディア内の4個のサブフォルダー 
100msdcf, imcif100, thm, moml0001 に分かれて格納されます。
サブフォルダーは更に2個のフォルダー dcim, mssony の中にあります。
自分のカメラがどのようなディレクトリ名をつけるか確認しておく必要があります。
フォルダー名を確認するには次の方法が使えます―</para>

<itemizedlist>
<!--
	  <listitem><para>Copy the above script file to a working file name.</para></listitem>
-->
	  <listitem><para>上述のスクリプトを違う名前でコピーしてください。</para></listitem>
<!--
	  <listitem><para>With your text editor change line: <userinput>mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH</userinput> to <userinput>mv /mnt/camera/* picture/$DIRPATH</userinput></para></listitem>
-->
	  <listitem><para>エディタを使ってスクリプトを変更してください― <userinput>mv /mnt/camera/dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg picture/$DIRPATH</userinput> という行を <userinput>mv /mnt/camera/* picture/$DIRPATH </userinput>に</para></listitem>
<!--
	  <listitem><para>Run the script from a command line as follows:</para>
-->
	  <listitem><para>次のようにコマンドラインからスクリプトを実行してください―</para>
<screen>
[bash]$ ./your_script_file_name
</screen>

<!--
<para>(notice the dot and forward slash)</para></listitem>
-->
<para>(ドットとスラッシュを忘れないように)</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<sect1>
<!--
<title>DON'T PANIC</title>
-->
<title>慌てふためく前に確認を</title>

<!--
<para><emphasis>THE MODIFIED SCRIPT FILE MAY GIVE YOU SOME 
ERRORS.</emphasis> Just ignore them for now. Before you panic and say it does not 
work, look and see if you have pictures. If you do, write down the directory 
path names. Go back to your text editor and substitute them for 
dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg in the script file. You may want to make several script 
files to handle the each of the different picture formats.</para>
-->
<para><emphasis>変更したスクリプトを実行するとエラーが起こることもあります。</emphasis>
現時点ではエラーは無視してください。焦って、動かないじゃないかと言う前に、
写真があるかどうか探してみてください。
写真があったらディレクトリパス名を書き留めておきます。
エディタでスクリプトファイルをもう一度開いて dcim/100msdcf/*.jpg 
の部分を書き留めたディレクトリパスで置き換えます。
異なるフォーマットの写真データを全て扱えるように、
フォーマットの数だけスクリプトを作成しましょう。</para>

<!--
<para>At this point the directory on your hard drive should look something like 
<xref linkend="part_2">. Enter this command to confirm it does:</para>
-->
<para>ここでハードディスクのディレクトリは、<xref linkend="part_2"></xref>
のように見えるはずです。次のコマンドを入力して確認してください―</para>
<screen>
[bash]$ dir -R name-of-your-picture-directory
</screen>

<!--
<para>The information in this document and the manuals and HOWTOs should get you up 
and running.</para>
-->
<para>本文書とマニュアル、HOWTO にある情報を使えばうまくいくはずです。</para>
<!--
<para>Good Luck.</para>
-->
<para>グッド ラック!</para>
<para>Dave</para>
</sect1>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<!--
<title>Troubleshooting or PANIC!</title>
-->
<title>焦らずに確認すること!</title>

<!--
<para>If nothing has gone right, let's do some troubleshooting. Use your camera and 
see if you still have pictures on it. If you do, skip the rest of this 
paragraph. If you don't, they should be someplace, check again. If not, and you 
can not find them, go take some more. Turn your camera off and plug it in and 
boot up again.</para>
-->
<para>まったくうまくいかなければ原因を追求してください。
カメラを使って写真がまだあるか見てください。
写真があればこの段落の残りは読み飛ばしてください。
そうでなければ写真はどこかにあるはずなので、もう一度探してください。
写真がどこにもなく見つけることもできなければ写真を撮り直しましょう。
カメラの電源を切り、繋ぎなおして起動してください。</para>

<!--
<para>Check to see if the mount point unlinked by <command>mv</command>,<filename>/mnt/camera</filename> is there. If it's gone create it again. Sometimes the mount point disappears in modified 
mode. Also, I have notice on my system that sometimes the SCSI device in <filename>/dev</filename> 
(<systemitem class="resource">sda1</systemitem>) gets removed. Check that also and replace if needed.</para>
-->
<para><command>mv</command> コマンドを使ったときにマウントポイントへのリンクが切れていないか、
<filename>/mnt/camera</filename> があるかを確認してください。
もしなければ再度作成してください。モデファイド モード (modefied mode) 
ではマウントポイントが見えなくなっていることもあります。更に私の場合は、
自分のシステムで <filename>/dev</filename> 上の SCSI デバイス 
(<systemitem class="resource">sda1</systemitem>) がときどき削除されていました。
その点にも注意を払い、必要であれば再作成してください。</para>

<!--
<para>Clean up all the extra directories you got from the script you ran that 
produced the errors and run your new script with the directories and see if it 
works. To make it easier to clean up all the directories and files you may have 
to <envar>su -</envar> if you're in user mode. Be sure to change back when you get through. 
See <xref linkend="appendix_c"> at the end of this document.</para>
-->
<para>エラーを発生したスクリプトを実行したときにできた余計なディレクトリは全て消去して、
新しいスクリプトを実行し、動作を確認してください。
一般ユーザーモードのときにディレクトリとファイルの消去を簡単に行うには、
<envar>su -</envar> を使うべきでしょう。消去の作業が終わったら忘れずに一般ユーザーモード
に戻してください。本文書末尾の <xref linkend="appendix_c"></xref>
を参照してください。</para>

<!--
<para>Type:</para>
-->
<para>下記のように入力してください―</para>
<screen>
[bash]$ dmesg
</screen>

<!--
<para>and you should see this somewhere:</para>
-->
<para>次のような出力を確認できるはずです。</para>

<screen>
hub.c: USB new device connect on bus1/1, assigned device number 2
usb.c: USB device 2 (vend/prod 0x54c/0x10) is not claimed by any active driver. (The 
0x54c/0x10 will be different for different vendors.)
</screen>

<!--
<para>If you see this, your USB mass storage device in recognized.</para>
-->
<para>この出力が確認できるのであれば、USB マスストレージデバイスが認識されています</para>

<!--
<para>Now turn your camera on and run the script file (the modified one) and you 
should see something like this when you run dmesg again:</para>
-->
<para>カメラの電源を入れて、スクリプト(変更済みのもの)を実行してください。
 dmesg をもう一度実行すると次のような出力が得られるはずです―</para>

<screen>
[bash]$ dmesg

SCSI subsystem driver Revision: 1.00
Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
usb.c: registered new driver usb-storage
scsi0 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
Vendor: Sony Model: Sony DSC Rev: 3.22
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
WARNING: USB Mass Storage data integrity not assured
USB Mass Storage device found at 2
USB Mass Storage support registered.
Attached scsi removable disk sda at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
SCSI device sda: 126848 512-byte hdwr sectors (65 MB)
sda: Write Protect is off
/dev/scsi/host0/bus0/target0/lun0: p1
usb-uhci.c: interrupt, status 3, frame# 1628
</screen>

<!--
<para>Now run this command and read <xref linkend="appendix_b">.</para>
-->
<para>このコマンドを実行して、<xref linkend="appendix_b"></xref> を読んでください。</para>
<screen>
[bash]$ lsmod
</screen>

<!--
<para>If the information from running <command>lsmod</command> appears as in <xref linkend="appendix_b">,and your <command>dmesg</command> shows the information listed above, and there are no pictures, I don't 
know what is wrong. Unfortunately, the only thing I know to do is go thru the 
whole process again. Only this time use the re-direction option <userinput>&gt;filename</userinput>
to capture the results. Post this to one of these 2 newsgroups:</para>
-->
<para><command>lsmod</command> を実行した結果得られた情報が 
<xref linkend="appendix_b"></xref> のようなものであり、
 <command>dmesg</command> の出力内容が上記のようなものであるのに、
写真データが存在しないのであれば、私には何が間違っているのか見当もつきません。
申し訳ないですが、私には全ての手順を最初からやり直してみましょうということだけしか言えません。
通常なら画面に出力するところですが、今回に限って、リダイレクションオプション 
<userinput>&gt;filename</userinput> を使って結果をファイルに書き込み、
下記2つの ニュースグループ のどちらかに投稿してください―</para>
<itemizedlist>
	  <listitem><para>alt.OS.Linux.mandrake</para></listitem>
	  <listitem><para>comp.OS.Linux.hardware</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>

<!--
<para>telling what you've done and ask for help. Include everything you can think of, the more 
information the better, and e-mail me at the same time. My address is: <ulink url="mailto:daveekelly@earthlink.net">daveekelly@earthlink.net</ulink>.</para>
-->
<para>今までやったことの全てを書いて、助けを求めましょう。
考え得ることの全てを挙げて、情報が多いほど良いのですが、
ついでに私宛に電子メールで知らせてください。私のアドレスは 
<ulink url="mailto:daveekelly@earthlink.net">daveekelly@earthlink.net</ulink> です。</para>
</chapter>

<chapter>
<!--
<title>Last Things Last</title>
-->
<title>最後のおまけ</title>

<!--
<para>After you have got everything working correctly and working just the way you want it to, this is something you can do if you want to. Not required. You can continue to run the executable script file 
from the directory you wrote it in with the dot slash option preceding the name 
(./) or you can install it in one of the directories that hold other executable 
applications. I would recommend <filename>/usr/sbin</filename>. The command for that is:</para>
-->
<para>全てが正常に望み通り動作した後で、更に望むならできることもありますが、
必ずしも必須ではありません。
実行可能なスクリプトを、ドットスラッシュ (./) を前につけてスクリプトが置いてある
ディレクトリから実行するやり方を続けてもよいし、他の実行可能なアプリケーションが置いてある
ディレクトリにインストールするのとどちらでもできます。
私のお勧めは <filename>/usr/sbin</filename> ディレクトリです。
<filename>/usr/sbin</filename> にインストールするには次の手順で行います―</para>

<screen>
[bash]$ install file_name /usr/sbin
</screen>
</chapter>

<appendix id="appendix_a">
<!--<title>Appendix A</title>-->
<title>付録 A</title>

<sect1 id="part_1">
<title>PART 1</title>

<!--
<para>This is the way I want my picture directory to be set up. A primary 
directory <filename>picture</filename> and a sub-directory describing the content <filename>smkbot</filename>.</para>
-->
<para>写真用ディレクトリを作るのに私がとったやり方は次の通りです。
最上位のディレクトリ <filename>picture</filename> と
内容にあわせた名前のサブディレクトリ <filename>smkbot</filename> があります。</para>

<screen>
picture/smkbot:
dsc00117.jpg dsc00120.jpg dsc00123.jpg dsc00126.jpg dsc00129.jpg 
dsc00118.jpg dsc00121.jpg dsc00124.jpg dsc00127.jpg dsc00130.jpg 
dsc00119.jpg dsc00122.jpg dsc00125.jpg dsc00128.jpg dsc00131.jpg
</screen>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="part_2">
<title>PART 2</title>

<!--
<para>With the modified version of the script file you have the pictures 
scattered over several directories. But right now, this is what we want.</par
-->
<para>変更済みのスクリプトファイルを使うと写真が複数のディレクトリに分かれてしまいますが、
今のところはこれで正しいのです。</para>

<screen>
picture/trash:
camera

picture/trash/camera:
dcim mssony

picture/trash/camera/dcim:
100msdcf

picture/trash/camera/dcim/100msdcf:
dsc00357.jpg dsc00360.jpg dsc00363.jpg txt00365.gif
dsc00358.jpg dsc00361.jpg dsc00364.jpg txt00365.thm
dsc00359.jpg dsc00362.jpg dsc00366.jpg

picture/trash/camera/mssony:
imcif100

picture/trash/camera/mssony/imcif100:
dsc00364.jpg dsc00366.tif
</screen>
</sect1>
</appendix>

<appendix id="appendix_b">
<!--
<title>Appendix B</title>
-->
<title>付録 B</title>

<!--
<para>What we want to see here is the word usb-storage under the Used by 
column:</para>
-->
<para>ここで確認したいのは、usb-storage の文字が  Used by 列に表示される点です―</para>

<screen>
Module       Size      Used by
nls_iso8859-12880  0   (autoclean)
nls_cp437 4400  0   (autoclean)
sd_mod11792  0   (autoclean)
vfat 9968  0   (autoclean)
fat 32192  0  (autoclean) [vfat]
usb-storage 52528 0
scsi_mod 91072 2 [sd_mod usb-storage]
ppp_deflate 42208 0  (autoclean)
bsd_comp  4576  0  (autoclean)
ppp_async 6672  0  (autoclean)
ppp_generic 19616  0  (autoclean) [ppp_deflate bsd_comp ppp_async]
slhc 5136  0  (autoclean) [ppp_generic]
parport_pc  20240 1  (autoclean)
lp 5808  0  (autoclean)
parport  24768  1 (autoclean) [parport_pc lp]
es1371 26768  1
soundcore 4208  4 [es1371]
ac97_codec  9312  0  [es1371]
gameport  1856  0  [es1371]
af_packet  12560  0 (autoclean)
ip_vs 62000  0  (autoclean)
usb-uhci  21232  0  (unused)
usbcore  50752  1 [usb-storage usb-uhci]
rtc 5600  0  (autoclean)
</screen>
</appendix>

<appendix id="appendix_c">
<!--<title>Appendix C</title>-->
<title>付録 C</title>

<!--
<para>When you go to clean up all those test directories, use the following 
command. <emphasis>BUT BE VERY VERY CAREFUL</emphasis>:</para>
-->
<para>テスト用のディレクトリを全て削除するときは、次のコマンドを使ってください。<emphasis>ただし、くれぐれも注意してください</emphasis>―</para>

<screen>
[bash]$ rm -Rf picture/test_directory
</screen>

<!--
<para>You could lose more than you bargin for, <filename>test_directory</filename> 
should be what you entered for <envar>$DIRPATH</envar> in the scripts above. (It 
never hurts for first time user to slip over somewhere else and create a 
directory tree, copy file to it, and test this command line before using it on 
something irreplacable.) Again read the manual.</para>
-->
<!-- 訳注：'bargin' は 'bargain' の誤り -->
<para>想定していた以外のものが無くなるかもしれません、<filename>test_directory</filename> 
は上述のスクリプトで <envar>$DIRPATH</envar> に入力したものであるはずです。
(初めて使うユーザーは他の場所にディレクトリツリーを作ってみるとよいでしょう、
ファイルをディレクトリにコピーして、
取り返しのつかないようなことになる前にこのコマンドを一度テストしてください。) 
繰り返して言いますが、マニュアルを読んでください。</para>

</appendix>

<appendix id="gfdl">
<title>Gnu Free Documentation License</title>

<para>Version 1.1, March 2000</para>

<blockquote>
<para>Copyright (C) 2000  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</para>
</blockquote>

<sect1 id="gfdl-0">
<title>PREAMBLE</title>

<para>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook,
    or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
    assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
    with or without modifying it, either commercially or
    noncommercially.  Secondarily, this License preserves for the
    author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
    being considered responsible for modifications made by
    others.</para>

<para>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that
    derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the
    same sense.  It complements the GNU General Public License, which
    is a copyleft license designed for free software.</para>

<para>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals
    for free software, because free software needs free documentation:
    a free program should come with manuals providing the same
    freedoms that the software does.  But this License is not limited
    to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work,
    regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
    printed book.  We recommend this License principally for works
    whose purpose is instruction or reference.</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="gfdl-1">
<title>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</title>

<para>This License applies to any manual or other work that
    contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
    distributed under the terms of this License.  The "Document",
    below, refers to any such manual or work.  Any member of the
    public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".</para>

<para>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work
    containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied
    verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another
    language.</para>

<para>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter
    section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
    relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
    Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains
    nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
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    mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.)
    The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with
    the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
    philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
    them.</para>

<para>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections
    whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,
    in the notice that says that the Document is released under this
    License.</para>

<para>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that
    are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
    notice that says that the Document is released under this
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<para>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
    machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification
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    formatters.  A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format
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    modification by readers is not Transparent.  A copy that is not
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<para>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include
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    Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that
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<para>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page
    itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly,
    the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
    For works in formats which do not have any title page as such,
    "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of
    the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
    text.</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="gfdl-2">
<title>VERBATIM COPYING</title>

<para>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium,
    either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this
    License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this
    License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and
    that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this
    License.  You may not use technical measures to obstruct or
    control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or
    distribute.  However, you may accept compensation in exchange for
    copies.  If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
    must also follow the conditions in section 3.</para>

<para>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated
    above, and you may publicly display copies.</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="gfdl-3">
<title>COPYING IN QUANTITY</title>

<para>If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more
    than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts,
    you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and
    legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front
    cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.  Both covers must
    also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these
    copies.  The front cover must present the full title with all
    words of the title equally prominent and visible.  You may add
    other material on the covers in addition.  Copying with changes
    limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the
    Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim
    copying in other respects.</para>

<para>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to
    fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
    reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
    adjacent pages.</para>

<para>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
    numbering more than 100, you must either include a
    machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or
    state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible
    computer-network location containing a complete Transparent copy
    of the Document, free of added material, which the general
    network-using public has access to download anonymously at no
    charge using public-standard network protocols.  If you use the
    latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you
    begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that
    this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
    location until at least one year after the last time you
    distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or
    retailers) of that edition to the public.</para>

<para>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the
    authors of the Document well before redistributing any large
    number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an
    updated version of the Document.</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="gfdl-4">
<title>MODIFICATIONS</title>

<para>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the
    Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided
    that you release the Modified Version under precisely this
    License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the
    Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
    Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it.  In addition,
    you must do these things in the Modified Version:</para>

<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
<listitem><para>Use in the Title Page
      (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the
      Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if
      there were any, be listed in the History section of the
      Document).  You may use the same title as a previous version if
      the original publisher of that version gives permission.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>List on the Title Page,
      as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for
      authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
      together with at least five of the principal authors of the
      Document (all of its principal authors, if it has less than
      five).</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>State on the Title page
      the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the
      publisher.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>Preserve all the
      copyright notices of the Document.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>Add an appropriate
      copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other
      copyright notices.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>Include, immediately
      after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public
      permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
      License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>Preserve in that license
      notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover
      Texts given in the Document's license notice.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>Include an unaltered
      copy of this License.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>Preserve the section
      entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating
      at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
      Modified Version as given on the Title Page.  If there is no
      section entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating
      the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given
      on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified
      Version as stated in the previous sentence.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>Preserve the network
      location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a
      Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
      locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
      based on.  These may be placed in the "History" section.  You
      may omit a network location for a work that was published at
      least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
      publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>In any section entitled
      "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's
      title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of
      each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications
      given therein.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>Preserve all the
      Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and
      in their titles.  Section numbers or the equivalent are not
      considered part of the section titles.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>Delete any section
      entitled "Endorsements".  Such a section may not be included in
      the Modified Version.</para>
</listitem>

<listitem><para>Do not retitle any
      existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with
      any Invariant Section.</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections
    or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
    material copied from the Document, you may at your option
    designate some or all of these sections as invariant.  To do this,
    add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified
    Version's license notice.  These titles must be distinct from any
    other section titles.</para>

<para>You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it
    contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by
    various parties-\-for example, statements of peer review or that
    the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
    definition of a standard.</para>

<para>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover
    Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the
    end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version.  Only one
    passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be
    added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity.  If the
    Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
    previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity
    you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
    replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous
    publisher that added the old one.</para>

<para>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by
    this License give permission to use their names for publicity for
    or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="gfdl-5">
<title>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</title>

<para>You may combine the Document with other documents released
    under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
    modified versions, provided that you include in the combination
    all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
    unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
    combined work in its license notice.</para>

<para>The combined work need only contain one copy of this
    License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced
    with a single copy.  If there are multiple Invariant Sections with
    the same name but different contents, make the title of each such
    section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the
    name of the original author or publisher of that section if known,
    or else a unique number.  Make the same adjustment to the section
    titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of
    the combined work.</para>

<para>In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled
    "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
    entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled
    "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications".  You
    must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="gfdl-6">
<title>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</title>

<para>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
    other documents released under this License, and replace the
    individual copies of this License in the various documents with a
    single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you
    follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of
    the documents in all other respects.</para>

<para>You may extract a single document from such a collection,
    and distribute it individually under this License, provided you
    insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and
    follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim
    copying of that document.</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="gfdl-7">
<title>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</title>
<para>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
    separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of
    a storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a
    Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation
    copyright is claimed for the compilation.  Such a compilation is
    called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the
    other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on
    account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
    derivative works of the Document.</para>

<para>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to
    these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than
    one quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts
    may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
    aggregate.  Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole
    aggregate.</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="gfdl-8">
<title>TRANSLATION</title>

<para>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
    distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
    4.  Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires
    special permission from their copyright holders, but you may
    include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition
    to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.  You may
    include a translation of this License provided that you also
    include the original English version of this License.  In case of
    a disagreement between the translation and the original English
    version of this License, the original English version will
    prevail.</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="gfdl-9">
<title>TERMINATION</title>
<para>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the
    Document except as expressly provided for under this License.  Any
    other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the
    Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights
    under this License.  However, parties who have received copies, or
    rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
    terminated so long as such parties remain in full
    compliance.</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="gfdl-10">
<title>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</title>

<para>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
    versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.
    Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present
    version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
    concerns.  See <ulink
    url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</ulink>.</para>

<para>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing
    version number.  If the Document specifies that a particular
    numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to
    it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions
    either of that specified version or of any later version that has
    been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
    If the Document does not specify a version number of this License,
    you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the
    Free Software Foundation.</para>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="gfdl-11">
<title>How to use this License for your documents</title>

<para>To use this License in a document you have written, include
    a copy of the License in the document and put the following
    copyright and license notices just after the title page:</para>

<blockquote><para>
Copyright (c)  YEAR  YOUR NAME.
      Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
      under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
      or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
      with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
      Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
      A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
      Free Documentation License".
</para></blockquote>

<para>If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant
    Sections" instead of saying which ones are invariant.  If you have
    no Front-Cover Texts, write "no Front-Cover Texts" instead of
    "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise for Back-Cover
    Texts.</para>

<para>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
    code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your
    choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public
    License, to permit their use in free software.</para>
</sect1>
</appendix>

<appendix id="translation">

<title>日本語訳について</title>

<para>日本語訳にあたっては、山下さん&lt;dica@eurus.dti.ne.jp>、
かねこさん&lt;skaneko@a2.mbn.or.jp>、木村さん&lt;t-kimura@po.shiojiri.ne.jp>に
査読、誤りの指摘をして頂きました。御礼申し上げます。</para>

</appendix>

</book>
