Qt 4.8: QML Advanced Tutorial 3 - Implementing the Game Logic

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QML Advanced Tutorial 2 - Populating the Game Canvas QML Advanced Tutorial 4 - Finishing Touches

# QML Advanced Tutorial 3 - Implementing the Game Logic

Files:

- declarative/tutorials/samegame/samegame3/Block.qml
- declarative/tutorials/samegame/samegame3/Button.qml
- declarative/tutorials/samegame/samegame3/Dialog.qml
- declarative/tutorials/samegame/samegame3/samegame.js
- declarative/tutorials/samegame/samegame3/samegame.qml
- declarative/tutorials/samegame/samegame3/samegame3.qmlproject

### Making a playable game

Now that we have all the game components, we can add the game logic that dictates how a player interacts with the blocks and plays the game until it is won or lost.

To do this, we have added the following functions to `samegame.js`:

- `handleClick(x,y)`
- `floodFill(xIdx,yIdx,type)`
- `shuffleDown()`
- `victoryCheck()`
- `floodMoveCheck(xIdx, yIdx, type)`

As this is a tutorial about QML, not game design, we will only discuss `handleClick()` and `victoryCheck()` below since they interface directly with the QML elements. Note that although the game logic here is written in JavaScript, it could have been written in C++ and then exposed to QML.

#### Enabling mouse click interaction

To make it easier for the JavaScript code to interface with the QML elements, we have added an Item called `gameCanvas` to `samegame.qml`. It replaces the background as the item which contains the blocks. It also accepts mouse input from the user. Here is the item code:

             Item {
                 id: gameCanvas

                 property int score: 0
                 property int blockSize: 40

                 width: parent.width - (parent.width % blockSize)
                 height: parent.height - (parent.height % blockSize)
                 anchors.centerIn: parent

                 MouseArea {
                     anchors.fill: parent
                     onClicked: SameGame.handleClick(mouse.x, mouse.y)
                 }
             }

The `gameCanvas` item is the exact size of the board, and has a `score` property and a MouseArea to handle mouse clicks. The blocks are now created as its children, and its dimensions are used to determine the board size so that the application scales to the available screen size. Since its size is bound to a multiple of `blockSize`, `blockSize` was moved out of `samegame.js` and into `samegame.qml` as a QML property. Note that it can still be accessed from the script.

When clicked, the MouseArea calls `handleClick()` in `samegame.js`, which determines whether the player's click should cause any blocks to be removed, and updates `gameCanvas.score` with the current score if necessary. Here is the `handleClick()` function:

     function handleClick(xPos, yPos) {
         var column = Math.floor(xPos / gameCanvas.blockSize);
         var row = Math.floor(yPos / gameCanvas.blockSize);
         if (column >= maxColumn || column < 0 || row >= maxRow || row < 0)
             return;
         if (board[index(column, row)] == null)
             return;
         //If it's a valid block, remove it and all connected (does nothing if it's not connected)
         floodFill(column, row, -1);
         if (fillFound <= 0)
             return;
         gameCanvas.score += (fillFound - 1) * (fillFound - 1);
         shuffleDown();
         victoryCheck();
     }

Note that if `score` was a global variable in the `samegame.js` file you would not be able to bind to it. You can only bind to QML properties.

#### Updating the score

When the player clicks a block and triggers `handleClick()`, `handleClick()` also calls `victoryCheck()` to update the score and to check whether the player has completed the game. Here is the `victoryCheck()` code:

     function victoryCheck() {
         //Award bonus points if no blocks left
         var deservesBonus = true;
         for (var column = maxColumn - 1; column >= 0; column--)
             if (board[index(column, maxRow - 1)] != null)
             deservesBonus = false;
         if (deservesBonus)
             gameCanvas.score += 500;

         //Check whether game has finished
         if (deservesBonus || !(floodMoveCheck(0, maxRow - 1, -1)))
             dialog.show("Game Over. Your score is " + gameCanvas.score);
     }

This updates the `gameCanvas.score` value and displays a "Game Over" dialog if the game is finished.

The Game Over dialog is created using a `Dialog` element that is defined in `Dialog.qml`. Here is the `Dialog.qml` code. Notice how it is designed to be usable imperatively from the script file, via the functions and signals:

     import QtQuick 1.0

     Rectangle {
         id: container

         function show(text) {
             dialogText.text = text;
             container.opacity = 1;
         }

         function hide() {
             container.opacity = 0;
         }

         width: dialogText.width + 20
         height: dialogText.height + 20
         opacity: 0

         Text {
             id: dialogText
             anchors.centerIn: parent
             text: ""
         }

         MouseArea {
             anchors.fill: parent
             onClicked: hide();
         }
     }

And this is how it is used in the main `samegame.qml` file:

         Dialog {
             id: dialog
             anchors.centerIn: parent
             z: 100
         }

We give the dialog a z value of 100 to ensure it is displayed on top of our other components. The default `z` value for an item is 0.

#### A dash of color

It's not much fun to play Same Game if all the blocks are the same color, so we've modified the `createBlock()` function in `samegame.js` to randomly create a different type of block (for either red, green or blue) each time it is called. `Block.qml` has also changed so that each block contains a different image depending on its type:

     import QtQuick 1.0

     Item {
         id: block

         property int type: 0

         Image {
             id: img

             anchors.fill: parent
             source: {
                 if (type == 0)
                     return "../shared/pics/redStone.png";
                 else if (type == 1)
                     return "../shared/pics/blueStone.png";
                 else
                     return "../shared/pics/greenStone.png";
             }
         }
     }

### A working game

Now we now have a working game! The blocks can be clicked, the player can score, and the game can end (and then you can start a new one). Here is a screenshot of what has been accomplished so far:

This is what `samegame.qml` looks like now:

     import QtQuick 1.0
     import "samegame.js" as SameGame

     Rectangle {
         id: screen

         width: 490; height: 720

         SystemPalette { id: activePalette }

         Item {
             width: parent.width
             anchors { top: parent.top; bottom: toolBar.top }

             Image {
                 id: background
                 anchors.fill: parent
                 source: "../shared/pics/background.jpg"
                 fillMode: Image.PreserveAspectCrop
             }

             Item {
                 id: gameCanvas

                 property int score: 0
                 property int blockSize: 40

                 width: parent.width - (parent.width % blockSize)
                 height: parent.height - (parent.height % blockSize)
                 anchors.centerIn: parent

                 MouseArea {
                     anchors.fill: parent
                     onClicked: SameGame.handleClick(mouse.x, mouse.y)
                 }
             }
         }

         Dialog {
             id: dialog
             anchors.centerIn: parent
             z: 100
         }

         Rectangle {
             id: toolBar
             width: parent.width; height: 30
             color: activePalette.window
             anchors.bottom: screen.bottom

             Button {
                 anchors { left: parent.left; verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter }
                 text: "New Game"
                 onClicked: SameGame.startNewGame()
             }

             Text {
                 id: score
                 anchors { right: parent.right; verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter }
                 text: "Score: Who knows?"
             }
         }
     }

The game works, but it's a little boring right now. Where are the smooth animated transitions? Where are the high scores? If you were a QML expert you could have written these in the first iteration, but in this tutorial they've been saved until the next chapter - where your application becomes alive!

QML Advanced Tutorial 2 - Populating the Game Canvas QML Advanced Tutorial 4 - Finishing Touches